Methamphetamine Addiction Treatment – Healing Lives, Restoring Balance

The Devastation of Methamphetamine Addiction

Methamphetamine, often simply called meth, is a powerful and highly addictive stimulant that can rapidly take over a person’s life, leaving a trail of devastation in its wake. For those caught in its grip, the world narrows to a relentless pursuit of the drug, overshadowing relationships, careers, health, and personal well-being. The immediate, intense euphoria it provides is short-lived, quickly giving way to a damaging cycle of craving, use, and crashing lows. This is not merely a bad habit; it is a chronic brain disease that alters brain chemistry and function, making it extremely difficult to stop without professional help. If you or a loved one are struggling with meth addiction, please know that you are not alone, and healing is possible. This article aims to shed light on the realities of meth addiction, offer hope, and outline effective pathways to recovery, including the comprehensive care available at facilities like Siam Rehab. We understand the shame and isolation that often accompany addiction, and our goal is to provide a supportive, non-judgmental space for understanding and healing.

If you are evaluating next steps for yourself or a loved one, it can help to start with a clear overview of how substance use disorders are assessed and treated in a structured setting, including the typical stages of care and what families should expect during admissions and early stabilization. For a broader introduction to drug addiction, treatment planning, and commonly used approaches across different substances, see our overview page on drug addiction treatment.

The impact of meth extends far beyond the individual user, deeply affecting families, friends, and communities. Witnessing a loved one succumb to this drug can be heartbreaking, confusing, and frightening. You might feel helpless, unsure of how to intervene or where to turn for assistance. This guide is also for you, the family member, offering insights into recognizing the signs, understanding the challenges, and finding the right support. We believe that informed families are crucial allies in the journey to recovery. Understanding the science behind meth addiction and the comprehensive treatment options available is the first step toward reclaiming a life free from its devastating effects. Our approach at Siam Rehab is rooted in compassion, evidence-based practices, and a deep understanding of the complexities of addiction, offering a fresh start in a serene environment.

How Methamphetamine Rewires the Brain

Methamphetamine’s profound addictiveness stems from its dramatic impact on the brain’s delicate chemistry, particularly the dopamine system. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter responsible for feelings of pleasure, motivation, and reward. When someone uses meth, it floods the brain with an unnaturally high surge of dopamine, far exceeding what natural rewards like food, sex, or social interaction could produce. This creates an intense, immediate rush of euphoria and energy. However, this artificial overstimulation comes at a severe cost.
The brain, in an attempt to re-establish balance, begins to adapt to these overwhelming levels of dopamine. Over time, it reduces the number of dopamine receptors or decreases the amount of dopamine it produces naturally. This is known as neurotoxicity. As a result, individuals need more and more of the drug to achieve the same euphoric effect – a phenomenon called tolerance. Without the drug, they feel anhedonia, an inability to experience pleasure from normal activities, leading to intense cravings and a deep sense of despair. This altered brain chemistry makes it incredibly difficult for a person to stop using meth, even when they desperately want to, as their brain has been fundamentally rewired to prioritize the drug above all else.
Beyond dopamine, meth also affects other neurotransmitter systems, including serotonin and norepinephrine, further disrupting mood, sleep, and cognitive functions. Chronic meth use can lead to structural changes in the brain, including damage to nerve cells and reductions in gray matter in areas responsible for decision-making, memory, and emotional regulation. These changes contribute to the cognitive impairments often seen in long-term users, such as difficulty concentrating, impaired judgment, and memory problems. The brain’s executive functions, critical for impulse control and planning, become compromised, perpetuating the cycle of addiction. Understanding these complex brain changes is vital for developing effective treatment strategies, as recovery involves not only stopping drug use but also facilitating the brain’s slow, often challenging, process of healing and rebalancing.

Recognizing the Signs: Symptoms of Methamphetamine Addiction

Identifying the signs of methamphetamine addiction can be challenging, as individuals often try to conceal their drug use. However, a combination of physical, behavioral, and psychological changes can indicate a struggle with meth. For individuals contemplating seeking help, recognizing these symptoms in yourself is often the first step towards acknowledging the problem and embracing change. For family members, observing these patterns can be a critical indicator that your loved one needs intervention and support.

Physical Symptoms:

• Extreme Weight Loss: Meth suppresses appetite, leading to significant and often rapid weight loss.
• Dental Decay (“Meth Mouth”): Severe tooth decay and gum disease are hallmarks of chronic meth use, caused by poor hygiene, dry mouth, and teeth grinding.
• Skin Sores and Scabs: Users often pick at their skin due to hallucinations of insects crawling under it (formication), leading to open sores that can become infected.
• Dilated Pupils: Pupils may appear larger than normal, especially in dim light.
• Rapid, Jerky Eye Movements (Nystagmus): Involuntary eye movements can be noticeable.
• Excessive Sweating and Body Odor: Increased body temperature and poor hygiene contribute to this.
• Hyperactivity and Restlessness: An inability to sit still, fidgeting, and constant movement.
• Lack of Hygiene: Neglect of personal cleanliness, grooming, and appearance.

Behavioral Symptoms:

• Paranoia and Suspiciousness: Users may become intensely paranoid, believing others are watching them or plotting against them.
• Aggression and Irritability: Unprovoked outbursts, hostility, and anger are common.
• Sudden Mood Swings: Rapid shifts from euphoria to intense irritability or depression.
• Repetitive, Obsessive Behaviors: Engaging in tasks like cleaning or sorting for hours on end, often to the exclusion of everything else.
• Social Withdrawal: Isolating from friends and family, often spending time with new, drug-using acquaintances.
• Deceptive and Secretive Behavior: Lying, stealing, and hiding drug use.
• Increased Risk-Taking: Engaging in dangerous behaviors due to impaired judgment.

Psychological Symptoms:

• Psychosis: Including hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that aren’t there) and delusions (false beliefs).
• Severe Anxiety and Depression: Especially during withdrawal or coming down from a high.
• Cognitive Impairment: Difficulty with memory, concentration, and problem-solving.
• Suicidal Thoughts: The intense lows and despair associated with meth addiction can lead to suicidal ideation.
• Loss of Interest in Previous Hobbies: Apathy towards activities once enjoyed.

If you observe these symptoms in yourself or a loved one, it is crucial to seek professional help. Early intervention can significantly improve the chances of successful recovery from Drugs addiction.

The Profound Health Risks Associated with Meth Use

The devastating effects of methamphetamine extend to virtually every system in the body, leading to a host of severe and often irreversible health complications. The chronic abuse of meth accelerates the aging process and can cause significant damage to vital organs. Understanding these risks underscores the urgency of seeking treatment for meth addiction.

Neurological and Psychiatric Risks:

• Meth-Induced Psychosis: One of the most severe psychiatric consequences, characterized by vivid hallucinations (often auditory or tactile), paranoid delusions, and disorganized thought patterns. This can persist for weeks or even months after discontinuing use.
• Cognitive Decline: Long-term meth use can cause lasting damage to brain structures responsible for memory, decision-making, learning, and emotional regulation, leading to impaired cognitive function.
• Increased Risk of Stroke: Meth use can constrict blood vessels and increase blood pressure, significantly raising the risk of stroke, even in younger individuals.
• Parkinson’s-like Symptoms: Chronic damage to dopamine-producing neurons can lead to movement disorders resembling Parkinson’s disease.
• Severe Depression and Anxiety: The depletion of natural dopamine and serotonin pathways leads to profound and often treatment-resistant depression and anxiety, significantly increasing the risk of suicide.

Cardiovascular Risks:

• Heart Attack and Stroke: Meth causes rapid heart rate, high blood pressure, and constricted blood vessels, dramatically increasing the risk of heart attack, stroke, and other cardiovascular events.
• Cardiomyopathy: Weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively, which can lead to heart failure.
• Arrhythmias: Irregular heartbeats that can be life-threatening.

Other Systemic Health Problems:

• Severe Malnutrition and Weight Loss: Due to appetite suppression and neglect of proper nutrition.
• Oral Health Catastrophe (“Meth Mouth”): Rapid and extensive tooth decay, gum disease, and tooth loss due to a combination of dry mouth, poor hygiene, teeth grinding, and corrosive effects of the drug.
• Skin Infections and Sores: Resulting from compulsive skin picking, poor hygiene, and compromised immune function, leading to cellulitis, abscesses, and other serious infections.
• Kidney Damage: Severe dehydration and rhabdomyolysis (breakdown of muscle tissue) associated with meth use can lead to acute kidney failure.
• Liver Damage: Although less common than with other substances, chronic meth use can contribute to liver dysfunction.
• Increased Risk of Infectious Diseases: Sharing needles can transmit HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. Engaging in risky sexual behavior due to impaired judgment also increases the risk of sexually transmitted infections.
• Compromised Immune System: Chronic stress on the body and poor nutrition weaken the immune system, making users more susceptible to illness.

The cumulative effect of these health risks can be devastating, leading to chronic disability or premature death. The journey to recovery is not just about stopping drug use; it is also about addressing and managing these critical health issues, a process best undertaken in a medically supervised environment.

Evidence-Based Treatment Approaches in 2025

Effective treatment for methamphetamine addiction is multifaceted, addressing not only the physical dependence but also the deep-seated psychological and behavioral patterns. In 2025, the landscape of addiction treatment continues to evolve, emphasizing personalized, evidence-based approaches that integrate medical, psychological, and social support. There is no single “cure,” but a combination of therapies offers the best chance for sustained recovery. For individuals ready to seek help, understanding these options can empower you to take the first crucial steps.

Comprehensive Treatment Components:

• Detoxification: The first critical step is often medically supervised detoxification. While meth withdrawal isn’t typically life-threatening like alcohol or benzodiazepine withdrawal, it can be intensely uncomfortable and emotionally distressing. Symptoms include severe depression, anxiety, fatigue, intense cravings, and psychosis. A supervised detox environment ensures safety, manages withdrawal symptoms with supportive medications if necessary, and prepares the individual for further treatment.
• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): CBT is a cornerstone of addiction treatment. It helps individuals identify and challenge negative thought patterns and behaviors that contribute to drug use. Through CBT, clients learn coping mechanisms, refusal skills, and strategies to manage cravings and high-risk situations. It equips them with the tools to change destructive habits and build healthier responses.
• Contingency Management (CM): CM is a highly effective behavioral therapy, particularly for stimulant drugs comparison like meth. It involves providing tangible rewards (vouchers, privileges) for positive behaviors, such as submitting drug-negative urine samples. This positive reinforcement encourages abstinence and engagement in treatment, helping to reshape behavior through immediate gratification for healthy choices.
• Motivational Interviewing (MI): MI is a client-centered counseling approach designed to help individuals explore and resolve their ambivalence about change. It helps foster intrinsic motivation for recovery by guiding clients to articulate their own reasons for wanting to change and develop confidence in their ability to do so.
• Matrix Model: Developed specifically for stimulant users, the Matrix Model integrates several therapeutic approaches, including CBT, family education, individual counseling, 12-step facilitation, and urine drug testing. Therapists act as both teachers and coaches, providing education and support to help clients understand addiction, relapse triggers, and recovery strategies.
• Peer and Community Support Programs: Participation in 12-step programs like Narcotics Anonymous (NA) or other peer support groups is invaluable. These programs offer a sense of community, shared experience, and ongoing support from individuals who understand the challenges of addiction and recovery. They provide a framework for accountability and sustained abstinence.
• Dual Diagnosis Treatment: Many individuals with meth addiction also struggle with co-occurring mental health disorders such as depression, anxiety, PTSD, or bipolar disorder. Integrated dual diagnosis treatment addresses both the addiction and the mental health condition simultaneously, as treating one without the other often leads to relapse. This holistic approach is essential for comprehensive and lasting recovery.
• Relapse Prevention Planning: A critical component of any treatment program, relapse prevention involves identifying personal triggers, developing coping strategies, building a strong support network, and creating a detailed plan for managing potential slip-ups. It empowers individuals with the skills and foresight needed to navigate the challenges of long-term recovery.

Choosing the right treatment facility is paramount. Look for centers that offer individualized treatment plans, evidence-based therapies, and a continuum of care that supports long-term recovery.

Siam Rehab: Your Partner in Recovery and Dual Diagnosis Care

At Siam Rehab, we understand the profound challenges posed by methamphetamine addiction and are dedicated to providing a compassionate, effective pathway to lasting recovery. Located in the tranquil setting of Thailand, our center offers a safe, private, and restorative environment where individuals can heal from the devastating effects of meth and rebuild their lives. Our philosophy is rooted in a holistic approach, recognizing that true healing encompasses the mind, body, and spirit.
We specialize in dual diagnosis treatment, acknowledging that addiction rarely exists in isolation. A significant number of individuals struggling with meth addiction also contend with co-occurring mental health disorders such as depression, anxiety, trauma, or bipolar disorder. Our expert team of psychiatrists, psychologists, therapists, and medical professionals are highly skilled in diagnosing and treating both the substance use disorder and any underlying mental health conditions concurrently. This integrated approach ensures that all aspects of a client’s well-being are addressed, preventing the cycle of self-medication and relapse.

Our Comprehensive Treatment Modalities Include:

• Individualized Treatment Plans: Upon admission, each client undergoes a thorough assessment to create a personalized treatment plan tailored to their unique needs, history, and recovery goals.
• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Our skilled therapists guide clients through CBT, helping them identify and modify destructive thought patterns and behaviors linked to meth use, developing healthier coping strategies.
• Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT): Particularly beneficial for clients with co-occurring emotional regulation challenges, DBT teaches mindfulness, distress tolerance, interpersonal effectiveness, and emotional regulation skills.
• Contingency Management (CM) & Motivational Interviewing (MI): We integrate CM strategies to reinforce positive behaviors and MI techniques to enhance intrinsic motivation for change, empowering clients to take ownership of their recovery.
• Group Therapy: Providing a safe space for shared experiences, peer support, and learning from others who understand the struggles of addiction.
• Trauma-Informed Care: Recognizing the strong link between trauma and addiction, our program incorporates trauma-informed approaches to help clients process past experiences in a supportive environment.
• Holistic Therapies: Alongside traditional therapies, we offer a range of holistic practices such as mindfulness meditation, yoga, fitness, and nutritional counseling to promote overall well-being and stress reduction.
• Relapse Prevention and Aftercare Planning: A cornerstone of our program, we equip clients with robust relapse prevention strategies, identify triggers, and develop comprehensive aftercare plans, including connections to sober living facilities and ongoing support groups, to ensure sustained recovery upon returning home.
• Family Program: We understand the vital role families play in recovery. Our family program offers education, therapy, and support to help families heal, set healthy boundaries, and become constructive allies in their loved one’s journey.

At Siam Rehab, you will find more than just a treatment center; you will find a sanctuary for healing, a dedicated team committed to your success, and a supportive community ready to walk alongside you on your path to a life free from meth addiction. Whether you are seeking help for yourself or a loved one, we invite you to reach out and discover the hope that awaits.

Guidance for Families: Supporting a Loved One Through Meth Addiction

Witnessing a loved one struggle with methamphetamine addiction is an agonizing experience, often filled with fear, frustration, and helplessness. Families are often the first to notice the devastating changes, yet they may feel paralyzed, unsure of how to help or what steps to take. It’s crucial for families to understand that addiction is a disease, not a moral failing, and that their support, coupled with professional intervention, is often critical for their loved one’s recovery. Here’s how families can navigate this difficult terrain.

Spotting the Symptoms:

As detailed earlier, look for a combination of physical and behavioral changes. These can include dramatic weight loss, “meth mouth,” skin sores, paranoia, sudden mood swings, aggression, secrecy, financial problems, and neglect of responsibilities. If you suspect meth use, gather factual observations rather than making accusations. Understanding these signs is the first step towards acknowledging the problem.

Prioritizing Safety:

Meth use can lead to unpredictable and sometimes violent behavior, especially during periods of paranoia or psychosis. Your safety and the safety of other family members, particularly children, must be the top priority. If your loved one becomes aggressive or threatening, remove yourself and others from the situation and seek professional help immediately. Do not attempt to confront an individual experiencing meth-induced psychosis alone.

Setting Healthy Boundaries:

Enabling behavior, however well-intentioned, can inadvertently perpetuate the addiction. Setting clear, firm boundaries is essential. This might mean refusing to provide money, allowing them to live in your home if they are actively using, or covering up their responsibilities. Boundaries should be communicated calmly and consistently. Examples include: “I love you, but I cannot give you money if it will be used for drugs,” or “You are welcome in my home when you are sober and actively engaged in treatment.”

Educating Yourself:

Learn everything you can about methamphetamine addiction – its effects on the brain, its symptoms, and the treatment process. This knowledge empowers you to understand what your loved one is going through and helps you respond more effectively. Resources like this article and those on drug addiction can be invaluable.

Seeking Support for Yourself:

Family members of those struggling with addiction often experience significant emotional distress, including anxiety, depression, grief, and trauma. It is vital for you to seek support for yourself. Al-Anon or Nar-Anon are excellent resources, offering a safe space to share experiences and learn coping strategies from others facing similar challenges. Individual therapy can also be incredibly beneficial.

Encouraging Treatment, Not Forcing It:

While you cannot force an adult into treatment unless they are a danger to themselves or others, you can create an environment where seeking help becomes their most viable option. Express your concern, share your observations, and communicate your boundaries. When they are ready, have resources readily available, such as contact information for Siam Rehab or other treatment centers. An intervention, facilitated by a professional, can also be a powerful tool for encouraging a loved one to seek help.

Preparing for the Journey:

Recovery is a process, not an event. There will be ups and downs, successes and setbacks. Prepare yourself for a long and challenging journey, and celebrate every small victory. Your consistent, loving, and boundary-filled support can be a powerful catalyst for change, but remember that the ultimate decision to recover rests with your loved one. Siam Rehab offers family programs to help you understand your role and heal alongside your loved one.

Your 72-Hour Action Plan: Taking the First Steps

If you or a loved one is struggling with methamphetamine addiction and are ready to seek help, the initial 72 hours can be crucial. This immediate action plan is designed to provide clear, actionable steps to move from crisis to seeking professional intervention. Remember, you don’t have to face this alone.

For the Individual Seeking Help:

1. Reach Out Immediately: The moment you decide you want help, tell someone. Call a trusted family member, a close friend, a doctor, or an addiction helpline. The act of voicing your desire for change can be incredibly powerful.
2. Avoid Isolation and Triggers: In the next 72 hours, try to remove yourself from environments, people, or situations that trigger your meth use. If possible, stay with a supportive, sober friend or family member. Discard any remaining meth or paraphernalia.
3. Contact a Professional Treatment Center: Call Siam Rehab or another reputable addiction treatment center. Our admissions team is available 24/7 to discuss your situation confidentially, answer questions, and guide you through the initial intake process. We can help arrange travel and prepare for your arrival.
4. Be Honest and Open: When speaking with professionals, be as honest as possible about your drug use, health history, and any co-occurring mental health issues. This allows us to create the most effective and safe treatment plan for you.
5. Prepare for Detox: Understand that the initial days will involve withdrawal symptoms. A professional medical detox at a facility like ours can make this process safer and more manageable. Focus on the end goal: a life free from addiction.

For Family Members Concerned About a Loved One:

1. Ensure Immediate Safety: If your loved one is in immediate danger or posing a threat to themselves or others due to meth-induced psychosis or aggression, call emergency services. Your safety and their immediate well-being are paramount.
2. Consult with an Addiction Professional: Contact Siam Rehab or another experienced addiction specialist. They can offer guidance on how to approach your loved one, discuss intervention strategies, and explain treatment options. This consultation is critical for developing a strategic plan.
3. Gather Information and Resources: Collect information on treatment centers, specifically those with expertise in meth addiction and dual diagnosis. Have phone numbers and details ready. Being prepared demonstrates your commitment and provides clear solutions when your loved one is ready to listen.
4. Plan a Calm, Loving Conversation (if safe): If your loved one is not in an acute state of crisis, plan a conversation where you express your concerns, love, and desire for them to get help. Avoid accusatory language. Focus on observable behaviors and the impact of their meth use. Present treatment as a solution.
5. Prepare for Logistics: If your loved one agrees to treatment, be ready to assist with logistics – transportation, time off work, childcare, etc. Removing these barriers can be crucial in securing immediate entry into a program.

The decision to seek help, or to help a loved one, is monumental. Acting swiftly and strategically in the first 72 hours can set the stage for a successful journey into recovery. Siam Rehab is here to assist you every step of the way, providing expert guidance and compassionate care.

Can the Brain Truly Heal After Methamphetamine Use?

One of the most pressing questions for individuals recovering from methamphetamine addiction, and their families, is whether the brain can truly heal from the damage caused by prolonged use. The good news is: yes, the brain possesses a remarkable capacity for recovery and neuroplasticity, meaning it can reorganize itself by forming new neural connections. However, the extent and speed of healing depend on various factors, including the duration and intensity of meth use, the individual’s age, overall health, and commitment to long-term sobriety.

The Science of Brain Recovery:

• Dopamine System Restoration: Studies using neuroimaging have shown that dopamine receptor levels and overall dopamine function can significantly improve with sustained abstinence. While it may not return to pre-addiction levels, enough recovery can occur for individuals to regain the ability to experience pleasure from natural rewards and for motivation to return. This process can take months to years, which is why early recovery often involves periods of anhedonia (inability to feel pleasure), making ongoing support crucial.
• Structural Changes Reversal: Some structural brain changes, such as reductions in gray matter volume in areas like the hippocampus (involved in memory) and the prefrontal cortex (involved in executive function), have shown signs of partial reversal after prolonged abstinence. This contributes to improvements in cognitive function.
• Cognitive Function Improvement: As the brain heals, individuals typically experience improvements in memory, attention, decision-making, and impulse control. While some deficits may persist, many cognitive functions can return to near-normal levels with time and consistent effort in recovery. Targeted cognitive remediation therapies can also aid this process.
• Neurogenesis: There is evidence to suggest that the brain can generate new neurons (neurogenesis), particularly in the hippocampus, which is vital for learning and memory. A healthy lifestyle, including nutrition, exercise, and mental stimulation, can support this process.

Factors Influencing Healing:

• Duration and Intensity of Use: Shorter duration and lower intensity of meth use generally lead to more complete recovery. Long-term, heavy use can result in more persistent damage.
• Age: Younger brains, particularly those of adolescents, are still developing and are highly vulnerable to meth’s neurotoxic effects, potentially leading to more profound and lasting changes. However, younger brains also exhibit greater plasticity, which can aid recovery.
• Abstinence: Consistent and prolonged abstinence is the most critical factor. Continued drug use continually re-damages the brain, hindering any recovery efforts.
• Treatment Engagement: Active participation in therapy (like CBT, CM), peer support, and medical management of co-occurring conditions significantly supports brain healing by promoting healthy coping mechanisms and reducing stress.
• Lifestyle Factors: A healthy diet, regular exercise, adequate sleep, stress reduction techniques (e.g., mindfulness), and engaging in mentally stimulating activities all contribute positively to brain health and recovery.

While the journey of brain healing can be long and requires patience, it is absolutely possible. With comprehensive treatment, sustained sobriety, and a commitment to a healthy lifestyle, individuals can experience significant improvements in cognitive function, emotional regulation, and overall well-being. The initial challenges of recovery often involve grappling with the discomfort of a healing brain, but with continuous support, the brain’s incredible capacity for repair offers a powerful message of hope for lasting recovery. At Siam Rehab, we empower our clients with the tools and environment to support this vital healing process, fostering resilience and renewed cognitive strength.

References

• National Institute on Drug Abuse. Methamphetamine DrugFacts. https://www.nida.nih.gov/publications/drugfacts/methamphetamine
• National Institute on Drug Abuse. What are the long-term effects of methamphetamine abuse? https://www.nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/methamphetamine/what-are-long-term-effects-methamphetamine-abuse
• Volkow, N. D., et al. (2001). Loss of dopamine transporters in methamphetamine abusers recovers with protracted abstinence. The Journal of Neuroscience, 21(23), 9414-9418. https://www.jneurosci.org/content/21/23/9414
• National Institute on Drug Abuse. Principles of Drug Addiction Treatment: A Research-Based Guide (Third Edition) – The Matrix Model. https://www.nida.nih.gov/publications/principles-drug-addiction-treatment-research-based-guide-third-edition/evidence-based-approaches-drug-addiction-treatment/behavioral-therapies/matrix-model
• National Institute on Drug Abuse. Principles of Drug Addiction Treatment: A Research-Based Guide (Third Edition) – Contingency Management. https://www.nida.nih.gov/publications/principles-drug-addiction-treatment-research-based-guide-third-edition/evidence-based-approaches-drug-addiction-treatment/behavioral-therapies/contingency-management-cm
• Neurobiology and Clinical Manifestations of Methamphetamine Neurotoxicity – PMC. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5070014/
• Meth Mouth: Early Stages, Symptoms, Treatment Options and Recovery. https://www.columbusrecoverycenter.com/methamphetamine-addiction/meth-mouth/